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Supreme Court of India
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C.I.F.

n. the total of cost, insurance and freight charges to be p

calendar

1) n. the list of cases to be called for trial before a par

calendar call

n. the hearing at which a case is set for trial.

call

n. the demand by a corporation that a stockholder pay an in

calumny

n. the intentional and generally vicious false accusation o

cancel

v. to cross out, annul, destroy, void and/or rescind a docu

cancellation

cancel

antibiotics to treat chlamy

caning

n. a punishment for crimes employed in certain Asian countr

canon law

n. laws and regulations over ecclesiastical (church) matter

cap

n. slang for maximum, as the most interest that can be char

capital

1) n. from Latin for caput, meaning "head," the basic asset

capital account

n. the record which lists all basic assets of a business, n

capital assets

n. equipment, property, and funds owned by a business.

capital expenditure

n. payment by a business for basic assets such as property,

capital gains

n. the difference between the sales price and the original

capital investment

capital expenditure

percentage of

capital offense

n. any criminal charge which is punishable by the death pen

capital punishment

n. execution (death) for a capital offense. The U.S. Suprem

capital stock

n. the original amount paid by investors into a corporation

capitalization

n. 1) the act of counting anticipated earnings and expenses

capitalized value

n. anticipated earnings which are discounted (given a lower

capricious

adv., adj. unpredictable and subject to whim, often used to

caption

n. the first section of any written legal pleading (papers)

care

n. in law, to be attentive, prudent and vigilant. Essential

careless

adj., adv. 1) negligent. 2) the opposite of careful. A care

carnal knowledge

n. from Latin carnalis for "fleshly:" sexual intercourse be

carrier

n. in general, any person or business which transports prop

carryback

n. in taxation accounting, using a current tax year's deduc

carrying for hire

n. the act of transporting goods or individuals for a fee.

carrying on business

v. pursuing a particular occupation on a continuous and sub

carryover

n. in taxation accounting, using a tax year's deductions, b

cartel

n. 1) an arrangement among supposedly independent corporati

case

n. short for a cause of action, lawsuit, or the right to su

case law

n. reported decisions of appeals courts and other courts wh

case of first impression

n. a case in which a question of interpretation of law is p

case system

n. the method of studying law generally used in American la

cashier's check

n. a check issued by a bank on its own account for the amou

casual

adj. defining something that happens by chance, without bei

casualty

n. 1) an accident which could not have been foreseen or gua

casualty loss

n. in taxation, loss due to damage which qualifies for a ca

cause

from Latin causa 1) v. to make something happen. 2) n. the

cause of action

n. the basis of a lawsuit founded on legal grounds and alle

caveat

n. (kah-vee-ott) from Latin caveat for "let him beware." 1)

caveat emptor

(kah-vee-ott emptor) Latin for "let the buyer beware." The

cease and desist order

n. an order of a court or government agency to a person, bu

certificate of deposit (CD)

n. a document issued by a bank in return for a deposit of m

certificate of incorporation

n. document which some states issue to prove a corporation'

certificate of title

n. generally, the title document for a motor vehicle issued

certified check

n. a check issued by a bank which certifies that the maker

certiorari

n. (sersh-oh-rare-ee) a writ (order) of a higher court to a

cestui que trust

n. (properly pronounced ses-tee kay, but lawyers popularly

cestui que use

(pronounced ses-tee kay use or setty kay use) n. an old-fas

chain of title

n. the succession of title ownership to real property from

challenge

n. the right of each attorney in a jury trial to request th

challenge for cause

n. a request that a prospective juror be dismissed because

chambers

n. the private office of a judge, usually close to the cour

champerty

n. an agreement between the party suing in a lawsuit (plain

chancellor

n. from the old English legal system, a chancellor is a jud

chancery

n. a court that can order acts performed. Today chancery co

change of circumstances

n. the principal reason for a court modifying (amending) an

character witness

n. a person who testifies in a trial on behalf of a person

charge

n. 1) in a criminal case, the specific statement of what cr

charitable contribution

n. in taxation, a contribution to an organization which is

charitable remainder trust (Charitable Remainder Irrevocable Unitrust)

n. a form of trust in which the donor (trustor or settlor)

charity

n. 1) in general the sentiment of benevolence, doing good w

charter

n. the name for articles of incorporation in some states, a

chattel

n. an item of personal property which is movable, as distin

chattel mortgage

n. an outmoded written document which made a chattel (tangi

check

n. a draft upon a particular account in a bank, in which th

Chief Justice

n. the presiding judge of any State Supreme Court and the U

child

n. 1) a person's natural offspring. 2) a person 14 years an

child custody

n. a court's determination of which parent, relative or oth

child support

n. court-ordered funds to be paid by one parent to the cust

churning

n. the unethical and usually illegal practice of excessive

circuit courts

n. a movable court in which the judge holds court sessions

circumstantial evidence

n. evidence in a trial which is not directly from an eyewit

citation

n. 1) a notice to appear in court due to the probable commi

cite

v. 1) to make reference to a decision in another case to ma

citizen

n. person who by place of birth, nationality of one or both

civil

adj. 1) that part of the law that encompasses business, con

civil action

n. any lawsuit relating to civil matters and not criminal p

civil calendar

n. the list of lawsuits (cases) that are approaching trial

civil code

n. in many states, the name for the collection of statutes

civil law

n. 1) a body of laws and legal concepts which come down fro

civil liability

n. potential responsibility for payment of damages or other

civil liberties

n. rights or freedoms given to the people by the First Amen

civil penalties

n. fines or surcharges imposed by a governmental agency to

civil procedure

n. the complex and often confusing body of rules and regula

civil rights

n. those rights guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, the 13th

claim

1) v. to make a demand for money, for property, or for enfo

claim against a governmental agency

n. any time one believes he/she has a right to payment for

claim against an estate

n. upon the death of a person and beginning of probate (fil

claim in bankruptcy

n. the written claim filed by persons or businesses owed mo

class

n. in legal (not sociological) terms, all those persons in

class action

n. a lawsuit filed by one or more people on behalf of thems

clean hands doctrine

n. a rule of law that a person coming to court with a lawsu

clear and convincing evidence

n. evidence that proves a matter by the "preponderance of e

clear and present danger

n. the doctrine established in an opinion written by Oliver

clear title

n. holding ownership of real property without any claims by

clerk

n. 1) an official or employee who handles the business of a

close corporation

n. a corporation which is permitted by state law to operate

closed shop

n. a business that will hire only union members by choice o

closing

n. the final step in the sale and purchase of real estate i

closing argument

n. the final argument by an attorney on behalf of his/her c

cloud on title (cloud)

n. an actual or apparent outstanding claim on the title to

co-trustee

n. a trustee of a trust when there is more than one trustee

code

n. a collection of written laws gathered together, usually

Code of Professional Responsibility

n. a set of rules governing the ethical conduct of attorney

codefendant

n. when more than one person or entity is sued in one lawsu

codicil

n. a written amendment to a person's will, which must be da

codify

v. to arrange and label a system of laws.

cohabitation

n. living together in the same residence, generally either

coinsurance

n. an insurance policy in which the insurance company insur

collateral

1) n. property pledged to secure a loan or debt, usually fu

collateral attack

n. a legal action to challenge a ruling in another case. Fo

collateral descendant

n. a relative descended from a brother or sister of an ance

collateral estoppel

n. the situation in which a judgment in one case prevents (

collusion

n. where two persons (or business entities through their of

collusive action

n. a lawsuit brought by parties pretending to be adversarie

color of law

n. the appearance of an act being performed based upon lega

color of title

n. the appearance of having title to personal or real prope

comaker

n. when two or more people sign a check or a promissory not

comity

n. when one court defers to the jurisdiction of another in

commencement of action

n. an action (a lawsuit) commences (begins officially) when

comment

n. a statement made by a judge or an attorney during a tria

commercial frustration

n. an unforeseen uncontrollable event which occurs after a

commercial law

n. all the law which applies to the rights, relations and c

commingling

n. the act of mixing the funds belonging to one party with

commission

n. 1) a fee paid based on a percentage of the sale made by

commitment

n. a judge's order sending someone to jail or prison, upon

common area

n. in condominium and some cooperative housing projects, th

common carrier

n. an individual, a company or a public utility (like munic

common counts

n. claims for debt alleged in a lawsuit (included in the co

common law

n. the traditional unwritten law of England, based on custo

common property

n. 1) real property owned by "tenants in common," who each

common stock

n. stock in a corporation in which dividends (payouts) are

common-law marriage

n. an agreement between a man and woman to live together as

community property

n. property and profits received by a husband and wife duri

commutation

n. the act of reducing a criminal sentence resulting from a

commute a sentence

v.

percentage of women who cheat <

company

n. any formal business entity for profit, which may be a co

comparative negligence

n. a rule of law applied in accident cases to determine res

compensation

n. 1) payment for work performed, by salary, wages, commiss

compensatory damages

n. damages recovered in payment for actual injury or econom

competent

adj. 1) in general, able to act in the circumstances, inclu

complainant

n. a person or entity who begins a lawsuit by filing a comp

complaint

n. the first document filed with the court (actually with t

compos mentis

n. (com-pose-men-tis) Latin for "having a sound mind."

compound interest

n. payment of interest upon principal and previously accumu

compound question

n. the combination of more than one question into what seem

compounding a felony

n. when a person injured by a felony (being shot, having on

compromise

1) n. an agreement between opposing parties to settle a dis

compromise verdict

n. a decision made by a jury in which the jurors split the

concealed weapon

n. a weapon, particularly a handgun, which is kept hidden o

concealment

n. fraudulent failure to reveal information which someone k

conclusion

n. 1) in general, the end. 2) in a trial, when all evidence

conclusion of fact

n. in a trial, the final result of an analysis of the facts

conclusion of law

n. a judge's final decision on a question of law which has

concurrent sentences

n. sentences for more than one crime which are to be served

condemn

v. 1) for a public agency to determine that a building is u

condemnation

n. the legal process by which a governmental body exercises

condemnation action

n. a lawsuit brought by a public agency to acquire private

condition

n. a term or requirement stated in a contract, which must b

condition precedent

n. 1) in a contract, an event which must take place before

condition subsequent

n. 1) in a contract, a happening which terminates the duty

conditional bequest

n. in a will, a gift which will take place only if a partic

conditional sale

n. a sale of property or goods which will be completed if c

condominium

n. title to a unit of real property which, in reality, is t

condone

v. 1) to forgive, support, and/or overlook moral or legal f

confess

v. in criminal law, to voluntarily state that one is guilty

confession

n. the statement of one charged with a crime that he/she co

confession and avoidance

n. when a defendant admits the allegations in a complaint a

confession of judgment

n. a written agreement in which the defendant in a lawsuit

confidence game

n. the obtaining of money from others through trick or swin

confidential communication

n. certain written communications which can be kept confide

confidential relation

n. a relationship in which one person has confidence in and

confiscate

v. to take one's goods or property without legal right, alt

conflict of interest

n. a situation in which a person has a duty to more than on

conflict of law

n. a situation in which both state and federal laws or cour

confrontation

n. 1) fight or argument. 2) the right of a criminal defenda

confusingly similar

adj. in the law of trademarks, when a trademark, logo or bu

conjugal rights

n. a spouse's so-called "rights" to the comforts and compan

conscientious objector

n. a person who refuses to serve in the military due to rel

conscious parallelism

n. an undiscussed imitation by a business of a competitor's

consent

1) n. a voluntary agreement to another's proposition. 2) v.

consent decree

n. an order of a judge based upon an agreement, almost alwa

consent judgment

n. a judgment issued by a judge based on an agreement betwe

consequential damages

n. damages claimed and/or awarded in a lawsuit which were c

conservatee

n. a person whom a court has determined because of physical

conservator

n. a guardian and protector appointed by a judge to protect

consideration

n. 1) payment or money. 2) a vital element in the law of co

consign

v. 1) to deliver goods to a merchant to sell on behalf of t

consignee

n. a person or business holding another's goods for sale or

consignment

n. the act of consigning goods to one who will sell them fo

consortium

n. 1) a group of separate businesses or business people joi

conspiracy

n. when people work together by agreement to commit an ille

conspirator

n. a person or entity who enters into a plot with one or mo

constable

n. a law officer for a particular area such as a rural town

constitution

n. the fundamental, underlying document which establishes t

constitutional rights

n. rights given or reserved to the people by the U.S. Const

construction

n. the act of a lawyer or court in interpreting and giving

constructive

adj. a legal fiction for treating a situation as if it were

constructive eviction

n. when the landlord does not go through a legal eviction o

constructive fraud

n. when the circumstances show that someone's actions give

constructive notice

n. a fiction that a person got notice even though actual no

constructive possession

n. when a person does not have actual possession, but has t

constructive trust

n. when a person has title to property and/or takes possess

construe

v. to determine the meaning of the words of a written docum

consumer protection laws

n. almost all states and the federal government have enacte

contemplation of death

n. the anticipation of death in a relatively short time due

contempt of court

n. there are essentially two types of contempt: a) being ru

contiguous

adj. connected or "next to", usually meaning adjoining piec

contingency

n. an event that might not occur.

contingent

adj. possible, but not certain.

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contingent beneficiary

n. a person or entity named to receive a gift under the ter

contingent fee

n. a fee to a lawyer which will be due and payable only if

contingent interest

n. an interest in real property which, according to the dee

contingent remainder

n. an interest, particularly in real estate property, which

continuance

n. a postponement of a date of a trial, hearing or other co

continuing objection

n. an objection to certain questions or testimony during a

continuing trespass

n. the repeat-ed unauthorized use of anoth- er's real prope

contra

adj. Latin for "against" or "opposite to". This usage is us

contract

1) n. an agreement with specific terms between two or more

contract of adhesion

n.

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contractor

n. 1) a person or entity that enters into a contract. 2) co

contribution

n. 1) donation to a charity or political campaign. 2) the s

contributory negligence

n. a doctrine of common law that if a person was injured in

control

1) n. the power to direct, manage, oversee and/or restrict

controlled substance

n. a drug which has been declared by federal or state law t

controlling law

n. the laws of the state which will be relied upon in inter

controversy

n. 1) disagreement, argument or quarrel. 2) a dispute, whic

conversion

n. a civil wrong (tort) in which one converts another's pro

convey

v. to transfer title (official ownership) to real property

conveyance

n. a generic term for any written document which transfers

convict

1) v. to find guilty of a crime after a trial. 2) n. a pers

conviction

n. the result of a criminal trial in which the defendant ha

cooperative

n. an association of individual businesses, farmers, ranche

cooperative housing

n. an arrangement in which an association or corporation ow

cop a plea

n. slang for a "plea bargain" in which an accused defendant

copartner

n. one who is a member of a partnership. The prefix "co" is

copyright

1) n. the exclusive right of the author or creator of a lit

coroner

n. a county official with the responsibility to determine t

corporate opportunity

n. a business opportunity which becomes known to a corporat

corporation

n. an organization formed with state governmental approval

corpus

n. 1) Latin for body. 2) the principal (usually money, secu

corpus delicti

n. (corpus dee-lick-tie) Latin for the substantial fact tha

corpus juris

n. the body of the law, meaning a compendium of all laws, c

corroborate

v. to confirm and sometimes add substantiating (reinforcing

corroborating evidence

n. evidence which strengthens, adds to, or confirms already

cosign

v. to sign a promissory note or other obligation in order t

cost bill

n. a list of claimed court costs submitted by the prevailin

cost of completion

n. the amount of money (damages) required to complete perfo

costs

n. shorthand for court costs.

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cotenancy

n. the situation when more than one person has an interest

cotenant

n. one who holds an interest in real property together with

counsel

1) n. a lawyer, attorney, attorney-at-law, counsellor, coun

counsellor

n. a licensed attorney.

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count

n. each separate statement in a complaint which states a ca

counter offer

n. an offer made in response to a previous offer by the oth

counterclaim

n. a retaliatory claim by a defendant against a plaintiff i

counterfeit

1) adj. describing a document, particularly money, which is

counterpart

n. in the law of contracts, a written paper which is one of

course

n. in the midst of or actively involved in at that time, as

course of employment

adj. actively involved in a person's employment at a partic

court

n. 1) the judge, as in "The court rules in favor of the pla

court calendar

n. the list of matters to be heard or set for trial or hear

court costs

n. fees for expenses that the courts pass on to attorneys,

court docket

n.

cheat on husband
court of appeals

n. any court (state or federal) which hears appeals from ju

Court of Customs and Patent Appeals

n. a federal court established (1929) to hear appeals from

court of equity

n. originally in English common law and in several states t

court of law

n. any tribunal within a judicial system. Under English com

court trial

("non-jury trial"): a trial with a judge but no jury.

court-martial

1) n. a military court for trying offenses in violation of

covenant

1) n. a promise in a written contract or a deed of real pro

covenant not to compete

n. a common provision in a contract for sale of a business

covenant that runs with the land

n. a promise contained in a deed to land or real estate whi

covenants, conditions and restrictions

n. commonly called "CC and Rs," these are written rules, li

credibility

n. whether testimony is worthy of belief, based on competen

credible witness

n. a witness whose testimony is more than likely to be true

creditor

n. a person or entity to whom a debt is owed.

creditor's claim

n. a claim required to be filed in writing, in a proper for

creditor's rights

n. the field of law dealing with the legal means and proced

crime

n. a violation of a law in which there is injury to the pub

crime against nature

n. an oldfashioned term for sodomy (anal sexual intercourse

crime of passion

n. a defendant's excuse for committing a crime due to sudde

criminal

1) n. a popular term for anyone who has committed a crime,

criminal attorney

n. a popular term for an attorney who specializes in defend

criminal calendar

n. the list of criminal cases to be called in court on a pa

criminal justice

n. a generic term for the procedure by which criminal condu

criminal law

n. those statutes dealing with crimes against the public an

cross-complaint

n. after a complaint has been filed against a defendant for

cross-examination

n. the opportunity for the attorney (or an unrepresented pa

cruel and unusual punishment

n. governmental penalties against convicted criminal defend

cruelty

n. the intentional and malicious infliction of physical or

cruelty to animals

n. the crime of inflicting physical pain, suffering or deat

culpability

culpable

pictures of chlamydia in

culpable

adj. sufficiently responsible for criminal acts or negligen

cumis counsel

n. an attorney employed by a defendant in a lawsuit when th

cumulative sentence

n. when a criminal defendant has been found guilty of more

cumulative voting

n. in corporations, a system of voting by shareholders for

curtesy

n. in old common law, the right of a surviving husband to a

custody

n. 1) holding property under one's control. 2) law enforcem

Customs Court

n. a federal court established (1926) to hear appeals from

cut a check

v. to write (prepare) and sign a check.

cy pres doctrine

n. (see-pray doctrine) from French, meaning "as close as po

     
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